Study Guide
Minimum Visibility Regulations
Visibility refers to the distance a pilot can see and identify objects on the ground and in the airspace. This means that the remote pilot must be able to see the drone and any other aircraft in the vicinity clearly.
3 Statute Miles Minimum
- The sUAS must operate in conditions where the visibility is at least 3 statute miles.
Sample Questions
1. During your preflight briefing, you find that visibility in your area is reported as 1 1/2 statute miles. Can you legally fly your mission?
- No, because visibility is only 1 1/2 statute miles, which is below the required minimum of 3 statute miles.
2. During your preflight briefing, you find that visibility in your area is reported as 6 statute miles. Can you legally fly your mission?
- Yes, because visibility is 6 statute miles, which is above the required 3 statute miles.
Vertical and Horizontal Cloud Ceilings
Aviation defines ceiling as the height above ground of the lowest cloud cover that is broken or overcast, or the vertical visibility into fog or other obstructions.
500 Foot Vertical Cloud Ceiling
- Flight must be kept at least 500 feet below a cloud ceiling, keeping safe separation between the UA and the lowest layer of clouds.
2000 Foot Horizontal Cloud Ceiling
- The sUAS must be kept at least 2,000 feet horizontally from a cloud. This horizontal distance reduces the likelihood of the drone entering into clouds.
Sample Question: Vertical Cloud Ceiling
If an 800-foot ceiling is reported in the weather forecast, what is the maximum altitude permissible for operating your sUAS?
A. 300 feet AGL
B. 400 feet AGL
C. 800 feet AGL
Correct Answer: A. 300 feet AGL
To determine the maximum altitude permissible for operating your sUAS when an 800-foot ceiling is reported in the weather forecast, follow these steps:
- In this case, an 800-foot ceiling means the lowest cloud layer starts at 800 feet above ground level (AGL).
- FAA regulations state that sUAS should not be operated closer than 500 feet below clouds.
- Since the cloud ceiling is at 800 feet, subtracting 500 feet from this ceiling gives:
800 feet (ceiling) − 500 feet (clearance) = 300 feet
-
Therefore, when the weather forecast reports an 800-foot ceiling, the maximum altitude permissible for operating your sUAS is: 300 feet AGL
Example 2: Vertical Cloud Ceiling with Towers
You are inspecting the lighted towers with a height of 1,104 feet MSL near Denver International Airport. What is the lowest cloud cover that will enable you to inspect the top of the tower?
A. 1,204 feet
B. 1,604 feet
C. 1,054 feet
Correct Answer: B. 1,604 feet
To determine the lowest cloud cover that will enable you to inspect the top of a lighted tower with a height of 1,104 feet MSL (Mean Sea Level), follow these steps:
- Determine the Height of the Tower in MSL: The height of the tower is given as 1,104 feet MSL.
- Understand the Clearance Requirement: FAA regulations require a minimum clearance of 500 feet below clouds for sUAS operations. Therefore, to legally inspect the top of the tower, you need to ensure that the cloud base is at least 500 feet above the top of the tower.
- Calculate the Minimum Cloud Base: Add the 500 feet clearance to the height of the tower:
1,104 feet (tower height) + 500 feet (clearance) = 1,604 feet MSL
- Therefore, the lowest cloud cover that will enable you to inspect the top of the tower is: 1,604 feet MSL